Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a form of anxiety disorder that involves constant unwanted thoughts, and often results in the performance of elaborate rituals in an attempt to control or banish the thoughts. The rituals are usually time consuming and seriously interfere with everyday life. For example, people may be constantly driven to wash their hands or continually return home to check that the door is locked or the oven is turned off. People with this disorder are often acutely embarrassed and keep it a secret, even from their families.

Most types of anxiety disorder are characterised by heightened anxiety and fear or panic. Obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder are considered types of anxiety disorder, as both feature high levels of stress and anxiety, which people try to control.

What are the signs?

Obsessions:

• Fear of a disease
• Fear of poisons or germs
• Fear of hurting or killing someone
• Fear of forgetfulness
• Fear of embarrassing oneself

Compulsions:

• Checking
• Excessive washing or cleaning
• Repeating actions
• Saving or hoarding items
• Placing objects in set patterns
• Counting

What are the causes?

The exact causes of obsessive compulsive disorder are not known. Genes do play a role and people with OCD tend to have family members with anxiety issues. Learning anew things and stress or pressure will contribute to the disorder.

How is obsessive compulsive disorder treated?

Obsessive compulsive disorder is difficult to treat, however prescribed medication can be used. Counselling is designed around management of anxiety symptoms in order to avoid compulsive behaviours. People can learn new coping strategies such as relaxation exercises and different ways of thinking in order to lessen the anxiety they feel.

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